In this article, we want to explore the benefits of type tape or plaque tape with you dear ones. Despite the huge volume of water in the world, the percentage of fresh water is a small figure, which includes most of the current and groundwater and rainfall. So that now the total fresh water of the world is estimated at about 3%. The limited fresh water resources available in the world on the one hand and the increase in population and the need for food on the other hand, necessitate the optimal use of available water resources.
Due to the lack of rainfall in our country and the lack of proper temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall, as well as the occurrence of numerous droughts in the last twenty years, the need to convert traditional irrigation methods to new irrigation methods such as sprinkler and drip irrigation is felt more than before.
Achieving sprinkler irrigation efficiency is up to 70% and drip irrigation efficiency is up to 90%, ie up to 20% in sprinkler irrigation system and up to 10% in drip irrigation system, while surface irrigation is done even with surface irrigation. Exorbitant costs and land leveling Irrigation efficiency does not exceed 50% and in the traditional situation where most of the country is irrigated in the same way is even less than 35%. This means that if we do not use sprinkler and drip irrigation methods, 65% of farm water will be lost.
Therefore, by using pressurized irrigation systems, water losses can be prevented and an economic growth based on which a sustainable economic and social development can be achieved.
Pressure irrigation:
Water is distributed through the pipe and under pressure above atmospheric pressure on the farm surface.
Advantages of pressurized irrigation:
– Increase irrigation efficiency
– Do not form surface runoff and prevent soil erosion
– Proper soil ventilation and uniform distribution of water on the field and no need for field drainage
– Increased yield per unit area compared to traditional irrigation
– Prevent clogging and maintain soil purity
No need to create earthen streams inside the farm and drainage streams and optimal use of the entire arable land
– The possibility of irrigation with fertilizer and spraying and their uniform distribution
– Weeds do not enter the field due to the transfer of water through pipes
Types of irrigation systems
In the following article, we will introduce you to different types of irrigation systems
Surface irrigation
• Sprinkler irrigation
• Drip irrigation Surface irrigation:
Water flows from the irrigation canal to the soil surface and is provided to the plant roots by gradually penetrating the soil. Sprinkler irrigation:
It distributes irrigation water at a rate equal to or less than the permeability of the soil as rain on the ground.
drop irrigation :
Slowly disperse water on the surface or under the soil in the form of separate, continuous, narrow streams or fine sprays through the final droplets located along the water transmission line. Drip irrigation is mostly used in the following cases:
A – In a situation where the amount of water is low or the cost of supply is high.
B) In sandy soils or situations where the soil can not be prepared for other irrigation methods.
C – In the case of plants whose product can be sold at a high price.
Components of pressurized irrigation system:
pump
Swimming pool
Central control system
Hydrocyclone filter
Sand filter
Fertilizer tank
Disc or mesh filter
Polyethylene main lines
Semi-primary polyethylene lines
Drip fittings
Bar type
Statistical comparison of surface and pressurized irrigation:
According to the water requirement of wheat and cotton plants during a growing season and water use efficiency in irrigation systems, the gross water requirement of plants was determined. It is worth mentioning that the efficiency of water application in surface irrigation is about 33%, rainfall 70% and drip irrigation 90%. According to Table 1, in order to irrigate the field as much as the net plant needs in the surface irrigation system, we must have up to 3 times the water consumption of the drip irrigation system, which in addition to wasting a significant volume of water, flooding problems and plant roots are lost. Sensitive will follow.
According to Table 2, if the volume of water available to agriculture during the growing season is 200,000 cubic meters, with drip irrigation system can be doubled surface irrigation and naturally the harvest in a growing season according to Table 3 higher Will go.
Types of drip irrigation system:
Strip irrigation (type): The slow distribution of water on the soil surface in the form of separate or continuous droplets, or narrow streams of small cavities is called strip irrigation. The main irrigation system used in the cultivation of crops such as: sugar beet, corn, cotton, tomatoes, greenhouse crops, watermelon, melon, potato, wheat, etc.
– Irrigation under the bed
– Fountain irrigation (Babler)
– Spray irrigation
Important factors of type bar:
– Type working pressure: The pressure required to get water out of the type bar, which is mainly between 0.8 to one atmosphere.
– Leakage rate of type tape: The amount of water leaving the type tape, which will vary from 0.8 to 2.5 liters per hour depending on the type of cultivation and crop.
– Roll length: The area of each roll type, which mainly varies from 1000 to 3000 meters.
– Drainage distance: The distance of water out of the type bar, which varies from 10 to 30 cm depending on the type of crop.
Type tape thickness: The type tape available in the market is mainly 150, 175 and 200 microns thick.
– Flattening length of the brigade: the distance at which the outflow of water from the brigade is uniform.
– Internal diameter: depending on the type of cultivation and crop is 16 and 22 mm.
– Water distribution uniformity coefficient: the amount of changes in the type of water output along the tape widening path, the higher the water distribution uniformity coefficient, the higher the possibility of producing quality products.
